Category Archives: thoroughbred pedigree analysis

Winx came from Herod

23 Sunday Jun 2019

Posted by in classic thoroughbred pedigree, pedigree research, race horse breeding, So You Think, St Simon, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred pedigrees

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1758 King Herod was a bay horse of about 15 hands, three inches high; he was a steed of substance, great speed and power. His figure was uncommonly symmetrical. Page 267, 268 Antecdotes of Horses, and the Allied Species by Captain Thomas Brown 1830

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It came with little surprise where new science research establishes St Simon ‘Y’ ‘links’ with more Herod variants, than those to Eclipse: (*further reference & credit below)

St Simon line-bred places duplication’s – Herod 55x, to Eclipses 41x.

To the infinite subject, what keeps the pedigree fires going because of dying-down diversity to a fixed Northern Dancer/Mr Prospector/Native Dancer prototype, the assessments must be made by way of other strains.  In-breeding and line-breeding determinations as rhyme n’ reason totality, can find the action is going elsewhere.

The map, is not the territory.

It is an exercise to unravel how ancestral ‘close’ incestuous like, breeding relationships (strains, genealogical ties) come tied deep, through the breeding. It clearly places the HOW.

The important depths, of the genealogical body established well before a classification to split-like designations represented as family numbers indexed to race-name individuals.

Aside from in-breeding, or line-breeding preferences, the complexes go deep into detail WITH a long view to ‘outer’ supporting ‘strain’ players of the contemporary pedigree, which seemingly, come from a very similar but oblique genetic pool.

Identifying what is adept breeding, is at best, ascertaining to where the ‘jewel’ fits not to pedigree but to its guide, purpose & trigger for an appealing pedigree. Whilst we know things aren’t done that way anymore as due to bloodstock commercial enterprises, the correct stallion choices are to be well-considered.

So…

What was Federico Tesio thinking – breeding through St Simon lines, to the distinguishing features he so esteemed.

 Tesio describes –

       – the idea was to produce and grow a racehorse that compared to its rivals, would run through space, mounted with the highest weight, covering any distance in the shortest time. I knew this would be a difficult task but not an impossible one, since I had seen many horses and read many books. I knew I had knowledge to succeed.

The truth of matter was that I had learned to read and to see, but had not yet, learned how to think….about why things happen.

from, Breeding the Racehorse, Federico Tesio

federicotesio

“In the year 1867 at a Napoleonic Exhibition in Paris, a competition was organized for horses which would carry the largest load in proportion to their own weight. The unexpected result (i.e. not that of a draught horse bred (size) but was to a light breed of small well proportions…..” Horse breeding Theory & Practice – B. Von Oettingen

By viewing fascinating footage: Blenheim, Mahmoud, Winx, at best view the necessary quadruple locomotive action: power and unique gait/action. It’s the unique energy-efficiency to its ‘saving’ of energy where today’s finest racehorses have the ‘physical’ difference & cuts a superior performer from others.

“Gait patterns and their efficiency are equally important for both types of energy production (i.e. anaerobic/aerobic performance)” – Australasian Throughbred Science Review

Take examination, experience, understanding, skill acquired…. to observe an animals intricate mobility to its placement of feet, the light, effortless traction to rhythm ‘timing’;   its ‘carriage’ of head not separate BUT to shoulder/leg ‘oiled’ to an oblong perfect frame, pieces together a silk/glide ease. It is the kinetic motion of walk, as 1st quality to a finesse of gait.

Phenotype and unseen conformation means…..

“The biomechanics of the vertebral column, although very complex, are of vital importance because they form the basis of all body movements” – ScienceofMotion.com

“Each horse is designed to “vibrate” at is own frequency” Jean Luc Cornille

“The chestnut Hyperion, a son of the WW1 Triple Crown winner Gainsborough and the top-class staying mare Selene, was one of the most sweet-tempered and also one of the smallest horses to gain the highest honours….no more than 15.1½ h.h. when he won the Derby in 1933, but he made up for his lack of size by absolutely perfect conformation nd sweeping action at the gallop……” The Classic Racehorse – Peter Willett

 St Simon– close observers spoke of his ‘electricity’ and said that he moved ‘as if made of elastic’.

He was never extended, let alone beaten, in any of his races, and he had that aptitude, possessed burst of speed that left even top-class opponents reeling within a few strides.

Long times ago there from a particular small horse pony breed of attributes/ characteristics to those collective genotype/phenotype qualities as described above. This enigmatic breed & individual, mare of traits (to her breed) had surely special significance throughout horse-breeding of those ages; there she goes, conduit to Herod’s pedigree.

Our on-line sources supply little detail, other than Shields Galloway, she the dam of Tartar, Herod’s sire. However….The Horse-Breeders Handbook of 1898, details: This mare was bred by Mr Curwen of Workington, Cumberland. She was the most famous galloway of her time, notwithstanding which her breeding has not been preserved. img_20190622_183945-01435237667.jpeg

The Curwen galloway link to thoroughbreds  conveys a wonderful historical truth.

There is further Curwen breeding “the pedigree of the dam of Spot, who was bred by Mr Curwen, not preserved – daughter of the White-legged Lowther Barb.” ref. as above HBH

Curwens Bay Barb “this Barb brought into England by Mr Curwen who also imported the Tholouse Barb, both of whom he obtained in France from Count Thoulouse, a natural son of Louis XIV. They covered few mares besides Mr Curwen’s.” ref. as above HBH

– foundations to Herod’s grand-sire Crofts Partner, he the sire of Tartar, attributed to  family 9

Another Galloway footprint – The Bald Galloway is the ancestral maternal tap-root to St Simon img_20190620_161808-011801621649.jpeg

Is it, these characteristic features, of the ancient Galloway breed which Tesio ‘triggered’ as his plan, via St Simon, as he described?

He explains: “nature’s attempt to return to their original pure state” thus having acquired his use of Mendelian principles first hand, knowingly applied, at-origin-purity Principle to the best of his matings.

*****

**TBL side notes: My research re-examined  1)Winx  2) So You Think (NZ) – with attention to their phenotype gait-gallop style – ascertaining genotype, the traits of breeding may have evolved from. 

Further….the historical – The Horse-Breeding in theory & practice B. Von. Oettingen reads (ref. Winx’s  family index – f.f. 5-b)) **an ancestral dam named Marigold by Herod, female family 5-b. OF Marigold foundations, details: a Sister to Silver, i.e. Silver (by Mercury from Herod) Miss Cantley, (viz. a Mercury dam from Herod, Belvoirina (a Mercury dam, from Herod) Platina (a Mercury dam, from Herod) plus another sister, unknown img_20190514_131930-01733215847.jpeg

     – n.b. pedigreequery.com  has Marigold by Herod to the (ff. 9), She has 3 fillies, sired by Mercury , attributed to f.f. 9, plus another filly sired by Mambrino f.f. 9

**[the point to note: Mercury-Herod cross, inbred to Tartar, plus the family 5 & 9 are akin, close.

the affiliation is where Winx’s ancestral grand-dam is a Herod dam, a pedigree inbred to Herod/Tartar 3x’s.

So You Think (NZ) – ancestress Olympia 1815 (5 strains to Herod, within 5 generations) n.b. there is much more SYT detail to share… possibly Later date…

 

Research & on-line reference – credits:

http://www.tbheritage.com/GeneticMarkers/mtdnaintbdamlines3.html

the fell pony museum

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/age.12580 –

http://www.scienceofmotion.com/

https://archive.org/stream/curwensofworking00jack/curwensofworking00jack_djvu.txt

http:// /stream/biographicalsket1830brow#page/268/mode/2up

http://www.kirkcudbright.co/historyarticle.asp?ID=349

http://www.scottishmultimedia.co.uk/galloways

https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2015/04/14/gait-keeper-genes-influence-cantering-standardbreds/https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2019/04/25/secrets-horse-y-chromosome/

The Horse Breeding In Theory & Practice – B. von Oettingen

Horse-Breeders Handbook 1898 Joseph Osborne

The Classic Racehorse – Peter Willett

 

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The Broodmare – Winx

17 Wednesday Apr 2019

Posted by in Australian Bloodstock analysis, Australian Thoroughbreds, classic thoroughbred pedigree, race horse breeding, So You Think, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, Winx

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How do you upgrade/improve what IS perfection?

How do you go about the All of what’s-what, who’s who of stallion potential?

All offer degrees of merit and indeed the longer consideration for Winx owners, where n’ how the “W” brand is to breed success.

I recall a similar scenario where one Australian and New Zealand race-champion, maiden mare called Sunline, went to great New Zealand stallion Zabeel. Although a marketing and commercial gain – I was aghast at the mating.

With knock-of-hammer, the Sunline colt certainly got the money and it faded into history.

Further Sunline’s matings indicated maybe better…but those extraordinary race-track performances never went repeated.

Such is the case….

Like many aficionados, turning over every possible ‘clue’ to what makes Winx ‘wink’ has brought forth many significant factors of what under-pins attributes to breeding.

Creme-de-creme genetics, pre-potent influences type together: co-affiliated families compound as those passage the superior template. It influencing the ‘W’ phenotype to that ‘trait’, daisy-cut action, as belonging to her/their ancestral of master-stroke speed engines.

The aficionados know these family associations are nothing new but exceptionally powerful when they strike.
Americus Girl, Lady Juror, Mumtaz Mahal, Fair Trial, Mahmoud, Nasrullah et al

Mumtaz Mahal by The Tetrarch from Lady Josephine by SUNDRIDGE. Off spring include Mumtaz Begum, dam of Nasrullah, and Mah Mahal, dam of Mahmoud

Through recent purchase of rare memorabilia books, I was struck how world-dominant champions bred via heritage in-bred backstage ‘strains’ plus the few ‘shy-breeder’. Their lack of fertility interprets as ‘limitation’ but where perhaps, in another extraordinary or natural sense, is natures right to conservation.

Many of the great pillars of the Stud Book have been sons or daughters of shy breeders. They however, act as an effective brake on the fertility ratio of bloodstock……….. Sir Charles Leicester – Bloodstock Breeding,

Conservation – Save the best, for the best.

Viewing pedigree to esteeming conformation it often impressions how the phenotype ‘frame’ had an evolutionary classic hardened ‘type’ stock to today’s era, modest racing ‘stock’. i.e. The bench-mark shifted.

The powerful studs of yesteryear, the influential owner-breeders moved over n’ out to investment breeding operations – primary principle and product measured at auction and marketing data.

It establishes stallions, stud fees and standing arrangements as they beckon finest mares.

A Rule-of-Thumb applies: appraising with scrutiny to what strains secure sound breeding. From degrees commercially beneficial to that of a sound product towards what takes the feature of distinctive breeding.

This is where astute judgement is required to the future of bloodstock breeding.

Distinctive breeding – save the best, for the best…. is how ‘W’ brand breeding should be maintained. But if commercial or genetic ‘siring’ parallel has aim to re-generate the next Winx, this logic I think only serves a small vision.

Improvement is to sight a major forward breed-shaping vision where the ‘W’ bloodlines en-further the undying genetic expression: Australasian exceptional, dynastic blue-blood through mare may subsequently set new heights to the international breeding scene.

As time goes on, one looks for improvement, not stagnation or retrogression. Sir Charles Leicester

With thanks and credit to aficionado, Chad Mcnamara – Bloodlines in the Sport of Kings (FB group) to his siring assessment, the stallion So You Think (NZ) by High Chaparral from Triassic (NZ) ex Tights (USA). https://www.pedigreequery.com/so+you+think

Take consideration – it is very very clever and obscure deceptive, to how it subliminally draws to far-reaching depths of robustness, yet pins what the genus pedigree carries.

genotype: the fundamental hereditary constitution of an organism: the genetic formula of the organism – Ross du Bourg The Australian and New Zealand Thoroughbred

Its saying the ‘proven’ stamina sire for the speed mare.

Beautiful.

Cheers for now, TBL

he who shall reign: The Autumn Sun

13 Wednesday Mar 2019

Posted by in Australian Bloodstock analysis, Bloodstock analysis, genotype, genus, pedigree analysis, pedigree research, race horse breeding, racehorse analysis, racehorse pedigree analyzer, The Autumn Sun, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racehorse analysis, Winx

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“he will have to be good to win from there….” – The Autumn Sun – racing commentary 

Australian bred, The Autumn Sun, a 3 year colt undoubtedly is awesome plus. His exceptional winning finish to the Group I, Randwick Guineas (1600m).

Pedigree devotees can recapture attributes of pedigree and breeding commentary (older post): genus reflects: The Autumn Sun. https://www.pedigreequery.com/the+autumn+sun

read on for more breeding thoughts…..

TBL explores how (as most of our pedigree and breeding analysis blog has to-date) to discover genus characteristics (foundational) – those deeper ‘formative’ lines.

The emphasis towards a wider context, genetic relations: a fundamental concept towards a homozygous individual.

Sires and their genetics, their female strains, their own foundational contributors i.e. Ribot/Sunstar comments below ) contributes the overall assessment: every individual pedigree is pivotal to depth & breeding ‘thrust’.

Skill and perception over algorithem quantity in/of dosages to few in-breds or of greater, line bred individuals.

…to make clear that by balanced breeding I do not mean a mere literal transcription of identical figures, but a broader concept of equilibrium of influences.

figures and numbers, however accurate, will never quite replace our own personal judgement and feeling, even when looking at a complete dosage diagram….

Franco Varola

Some pedigree fans might suggest a sire or dam further back 5th remove beyond….is lesser or insignficant: claiming it cannot have significant contribution to the overall pedigree.

We shall beg to differ in that a necessary rarer trait has indeed carried: has mitchondrial DNA which is genetic of infinite TB existence and viewing the original ‘sunray’ pedigree wheels hopefully may illuminate some appreciation over conventional arrangement.

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This ‘holistic’ or ‘synergistic’ build-up is so intricate, complex and fine-textured that is is invisible to the human eye – Ross du Bourg

By reading past accounts “a magnificent looking, long-barrelled chestnut – best sprinter of his time in England – founded a line of smart, short running sprinters in Australia and New Zeland – preocious, fast-maturing animals” commentary credited to Gold Bridge (FR) sired by Golden Boss, (The Boss line)it indeed emphasises the Classic Thoroughbred , something else high-class which surely stages it ‘living-on’ influence. (Golden Boss per Autumn Sun’s dam: view 6th remove, sire of mare *Rough Shod and her grand-daughter SPECIAL (ff – 5h)!!! hence 2x. Plus Ribero (USA) maternal infusion of G.B

We stress to convey, breeding merits through high-class & almost obscure strains project an undefined breeding edge – they pop-up/’in’ to many a superior performer, as today’s bred, and that in itself is ‘wonder’ and proof-to-the-eye!

Thus, there is the manipulation to a new cross to yet again, another ‘level’.

A persistance of speed or stamina determinants alone without deeper, thoughtful consideration to ‘working’:  the perfecting of thoroughbred as ‘balanced’ sound speciman, its phenotype, to its adaptability, ability, capability, temperament, gait, tempo where there happens to be there…..of considerable breeding typology expanses – through to the eventual variances of ‘type’ produced.

The hereditary actors that determine physical, mental and nervous constitution are transmitted by means of microscopic chemical substances called genes, which are units of inheritance. Each gene is responsible for a seperate characteristic or ‘character’. The science of the inheritance of characters is called genetics, and the whole inherited make-up, or genetic constitution, of an individual is known as its genotype. A genotype consists of thousands of genes. Peter Willett – An Introduction to the Thoroughbred

Application towards ability, capability, gait, tempo, temperament, its ‘looks’, as breeding ‘traits’ require careful practice – these breeding aspects have strong impact.

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The love of breeding – ‘ balanced correctness’ is a principle that demands consistent application through every generation, every cycle with ‘eye’ upon the individual’s conformation, natural constitution of strengths or its weaknesses.

With responsibility to crafting breeding…studying past heritage, ancestral bloodlines, nature of inheritances can aid decisions to ‘where’ the pedigree maintains, improves or even diffuses its quality.

The more pedigree analysis as information, the more ‘indicators’  KPI’s will come to light through major influential strains.

Evaluating strains…..an Aga Khan bred, The Autumn Sun dam Azmiyna (IRE) note the grand-dams sire Lear Fan (USA) a son of Roberto → Hail to Reason.  A siring line as strains to the best of the best.

– those strains we collate here –  The super-nova of fillies & mares.

What TBL failed to mention genus reflects: The Autumn Sun was Lear Fan (USA) female family through to the granddam, daughter of War Admiral, son of the greater-than-thou Man O’ War.  timeless…. Man O’ War.

Additionally note Nantallah (USA) son of Nasrullah, another KPI strain noteable, as noted to collective breeding re: The super-nova of fillies & mares

How ‘close’ to the pedigree Man O’ War sits…. and once again do not get confused with the identity but revel in strain/trait as carrier/genetic coding the Infusion to bloodlines.

 – to quote late Ross du Bourg, Australian bloodstock writer “human intelligence and intervention can introduce the high degree of superior homozygosity that is critical to the production of outstanding racehorses.”

All animal breeding is the mastering of traits.

Converge genetics upon the finest – nucleus bloodlines. Redoubtes Choice (AUS) to dam’s sire Canny Lad (AUS) →  Bletchingly →→→ War Relic (USA), son of Man O’War.

Maternal – 3rd dam sire, Darshaan (GB) maternal →→→War Relic

There are 9x’s of Man O’War.

(sidenote, please do not assign a meaning that MOW is sum-total to Autumn Sun pedigee as indeed other highly influential individuals are necessary. The important point: what sits behind breeding application is ‘how’ the sire (broodmare sire) across maternal of the broodmare sire(s) may invigorate or stimulate a reinforcement strain belonging to that individual.)

Remember it is not how many, but the superior dominant gene which takes the trophy.

Ross du Bourg writer of The Australian and New Zealand Thoroughbred  – “Influence was, I decided, the crucial ‘missing link’ in the whole body of writing on the theory of successful thoroughbred breeding. This was my reasoning: the quality (as opposed to the quantity) of the ancestor that is duplicated once or several times is an *important ‘invisible factor’ in the ultimate inherited racing potential of the foal.”

….allow the law of prepotency (influence) to overrule and marginally compensate the law of proportion (contribution)

Review also mare’s 4th dam sire Ribero (USA) the son of Ribot. Only 2X’s you may say ? What is the relevancy?

Two strains clearly ‘central’/ close/direct…..infusion. This STRAINto RIBOT, location IS IMPORTANT TO REALIZE!

However, this is not what captures our interest!! No, no…..it is the fact…. the Tesio bred Ribot is in-bred to Sun Star (GB), the son of sire Sundridge.

Sundridge – the x-factoring KPI  speed ‘roots’ Castelvecchio – breeding beyond ordinary

Winx – True Colours and Winx – workin’ them genes

To the terribly, under-rated ‘scored’ pedigree – the australian gelding Terbium by Terango (AUS) ex-Serene Lass (AUS) from Not a Single Doubt (AUS) re-stimulates the same foundational traits. (n.b. Terbium pedigree is our next blog-subject, winner of Group 3 Zeditave Stakes, 4 starts, 4 wins)

I have long pondered why the Sundridge trait to superior genetic pedigrees is speed tour de force as it stands behind breeding.

It can be said the ‘invisible’ ecological conditions approach a gradual ‘enclosed’ standard: breeding as a matter-of- course, developes itself towards exclusive stakes-racing speed, the racing program or product function, as it stands today.

It emerges only the finest, the adaptable, the agility.  Balance: aero-dynamics/muscular-skeleton TB ‘correctness’ – its balance of motion n’ time. That it comes through to the resulting phenotype and that is where racing class is sancrosanct.

The horse who is so bred as to be able to use himself mechanically to the best advantage for galloping at speed has on an average during the long history of the Turf come out on top. The beautiful symmetry, balance and elegance of the high-class racehorse have come about as they afford the horse, this advantage. Sir Charles Leister – Bloodstock Breeding

 

Cheers from New Zealand  cropped-nyme31478829496

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The super-nova of fillies & mares

07 Monday Jan 2019

Posted by in genotype, genus, Princequillo, race horse breeding, Sadlers Wells, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racehorse analysis, Winx

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A curiosity where/how/why superior genes appear? How they transmit etc…..

I thought we might take a quick view of our global racing stars and to find the common-ground.

Please remember, it is TBL practice to  refer by strains/trait & female family ancestral within the individuals pedigree. We practice like so because we believe this provides the clarity how pedigrees may be crafted.

Strains/traits,  KPI – ‘smart’, true transmitters (if you will). Strains/traits employ the female-family index, the carrier infusion through either parent, the indication of inheritances not by dosage alone, but by a better factoring towards a genus; the genotype as the net gateway to homozygous.

Some divas here, are prior blogged, however when TBL screened others we found a fresh ‘development ‘of a strain/trait identification which we had not noticed before. It’s the beauty of comparing a wide, superior group.

The value of recognizing these strains/traits through individuals, is so YOU can view your own pedigree – seeing what is ‘hot’, & what is genetically cookin’!!

Quality transmitters appear late and ripened. Please read diamond in the rough and what the bluebook won’t say & what genotype will say….

So…you shall need your pedigree software and we’ll take a look through…..

Superstar Fillies & Mares

Winx – Street Cry (GB) from Vegas Showgirl (NZ) by Al Akbar/Success Express/Hold Your Peace/ Prince John/Princequillo. Street Cry – Troy: Halo – Hail to Reason plus relevancy to – Hethersett (GB), the **ff-21a

Zenyetta – Street Cry (GB) i.e Troy, Halo- Hail to Reason from Vertigineux (USA)Roberto/Hail To Reason plus Princequillo line(s)

Oh Susanna – (South Africa 2017-18, 3 yr old champion filly) – Street Cry – Troy from Sharp Susan (USA) – Roberto/Hail To Reason + Princequillo plus relevancy to Count Fleet *ff-6a (infused to dam-line)

Newspaperofrecord (IRE) – Lope de Vega (IRE) from Sunday Times (GB) by  – note Troy (sire side), 2nd dams sire So Factual → In Reality (USA) **ff-21a , 2x Roberto/Hail to Reason

Sistercharlie (IRE) – Myboycharlie (IRE) Roberto/Hail To Reason from Starlets Sister (IRE) by Galileo/Sadlers Wells/Hail to Reason) plus relevancy – Nantallah (USA) *ff-6a

Jaywalk (USA) juvenile Breeders cup winner 5starts, 4 wins – Cross Traffic (USA) Unbridled/In Reality ff-21a, Cure the Blues/Hail To Reason. 3rd Dam sire Hold Your Peace 

Magical (IRE) – Galileo/Sadlers Wells/Hail to Reason plus relevancy – Nantallah (USA) *ff-6a , Prince Chevalier/Prince Rose from dam, Halfway to Heaven (IRE)numerous strains Prince Rose/Princequillo

Monomoy Girl (USA) – Tapizar (USA) his dam’s line In Reality **ff-21a by Drumette (USA) ff-21a, grand-dam sire Williamstown USA) ff-21a, 5th dam sire Nantallah (USA) *ff-6a,  + Bolero *ff-6a each tracing to ancestral dam Lottie Moon (USA)    ++ (Mr Prospector), the strain @ Count Fleet  *ff-6a tails same, ancestral Lottie Moon plus, Monomoy Girl her dam,  from Henny Hughes (USA) dams grandsire Hold Your Peace

Chasing Yesterday (USA) – Tapit (USA) – 3rd dam In Reality ** ff-21a + 2x Mr Prospector/Count Fleet *ff-6a; dam by Littleprincessemma as prior researched 3x Olympia/Miss Olympia whose great,grand-sire Plaudit, ancestral dam Manna, greater ancestral dam Wagtail (GB) (ff-21a)

Enable (GB) – Nathaniel, his dams grand sire Roberto, his son Silver Hawk (USA), the dam Gris Vitesse (USA), from French lines, to **ff-21a – greater ancestral dam Wagtail (GB):                                                                                                                               Enable dam, Concentric (GB) by Sadlers Wells. Inbred to Sadlers Wells hence, Hail to Reason & Nantallah *ff-6a.  2nd dam sire Shirley Heights/Mill Reef, Princequillo & Count Fleet *ff-6a. n.b. Sir Gaylord/Princequillo

Almond Eye (Japan) – Lord Kanaloa (JPN), sire King Kamehameha (JPN) Mr Prospector/Count Fleet *ff-6a,  Hethersett(GB) **ff-21-a, L.K – 2nd dam sire Cormarant (USA) Count Fleet *ff-6a; 3rd dam sire In Reality **ff-21-a. Storm Cat 4th dam sire Bolero (USA) *ff-6a. Storm Cat/Terlingua →Princequillo. The dam Fusaichi Pandora (JPN) – 3rd grand sire Hail To Reason. 2x (paternal & dam) Nureyev (USA), 2nd dam sire Nantallah (USA) *ff-6a

Now for the Connection!

….if you shall guide yourself through many of these pedigrees you may notice significance at deeper removes to Man O’War.                                                                        Man O’War/Fair Play/Hastings (USA), his dam line **ff-21a , ancestral dam yep, Manna.             The  ‘Y’ ManO’War Fair Play/Hastings/Spendthrift/West Australian ***FF-7a

Next point, follow through the Count Fleet/Nantallah ff-6a ancestral to Lottie Moon & note her sire Australian/West Australian ***ff-7-a. Note Lottie Moon grand-daughter, the in-breeding to West Australian

Hail To Reason – 4th dam sire Man O’ War/Fair Play ⇒West Australian

Princequillo – tail female through to ancestress, Morel, 4x inbred to Matchem.

Man O War – tail male descendent to Matchem

https://www.pedigreequery.com/matchem

Matchem – Cade – Cream Cheeks from Sister to Miss Partner

West Australian – the first English Triple Crown Winner. He, the ff-7-a , ancestress Mowerina. Contemporary thoroughbred from the family are Danzig, Bletchingly (AUS) Invincible Spirit (IRE)&  its why they co-affiliate in the pedigree!!!

In a nutshell the superstar filly & mare ‘strain’ dynamics help to configure into place the superior bred.

Hopefully, we’re all aiming right!

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Cheers from New Zealand cropped-nyme31478829496

 

 

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diamond in the rough

30 Sunday Dec 2018

Posted by in Bloodstock analysis, pedigree research, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, Uncategorized

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…with sincere hope that it will promote the love of the noble creature, the horse, its breeding, and trial on the race-course.  – Burchard Von Oettingen, Trakehnen 1907

It appears (at times) where only a bare few shall take a solid appreciation from thoroughbred history.

…all very good photos of great, noble champions but is it for others (?) coming to grips via TB ancestry and evolutionary developments is horribly, kinda inconsequential ?

I myself and like many, shall gaze for hours re-living their days: racing champions, the thrill n’ passion remembering superior performances of yesteryear(s).

And of course, its soooo easy to esteem those pedigrees of superior champions. The proof is there….

Proof & evaluation…from truer-at-heart analysis to interpret the Patterns, highlighted superior individuals (as strains) that no pedigree shall ever go without. Period.

Come on…. we are no longer centring Mr Prospector, Northern Dancer- they being a ‘zero-point’. Rather, we are to notice emergent & distinctive broodmare anomalies that ‘spike’ from female family inheritances.

Oh my…. what it is to be reminded from good n’ old; the genetic routes/the genetic infusions: to the old/best/new/hottest epigenetic genes which chuck themselves out clearly & upon superior individuals from their ancestral circles.

Seeking old/best/new/hottest individuals is never plain as day but nor illusionary. The pedigree only reveals in subtle detail. Algorithms don’t show…

In TBL philosophy 🙂 these old/best/new/hottest genes are survivor strains. They are clearly not plentiful and with good reason.

Like Quality antique – the, Horse Breeding Theory & Practice had practices, principles, arriving superior quality, now forgotten or ignored in modern times.

Like three wise men, there wise words of age old perspicacity are comforting, a logic of  common sense but also comes, the vague sadness where modern breeding principles by performance and commercial productivity can liberally convey everything & Everything is soundly bred to race.

Getting a good-un horse – be it self-bred, purchased, secured on-line, or syndication shared by ownership is the horse n’ human quest for distinction.

Yet regrettably old-fashioned breeding fundamentals (and all its immense, eternal pedigree detail) to arrive upon that champion individual is veiled deep or plainly the dynamics are lost-in-time or is it, the lottery of horse-trading?

For some time we’ve being lamenting the intensified loss of diversity: the dwindling pool of broodmare numbers, the global mass-pool of descendants come, Northern Dancer ‘Y’ and the resulting TB, its phenotype.

It…. a dramatic global funnel of tightened genetics which bleeds deep.

Yet out of the social-media blue steps out an ‘ad’. A welfare/rescue 2014 born TB mare needing to be adopted & re-homed. Her name is Liberty G & by the photo she’s had it tough.

But…there IS, the bone.

https://www.pedigreequery.com/liberty+g

I assume some bloodstock investors may say garbage….

And I guess, the welfare fraternity have (on her behalf) shall rightly say, no more horse-wastage…

Yet by example it screams at disaster, how the TB broodmare genetics quietly, & disgracefully disappear because bare few comprehend the precious bloodline, as its life, lays within.

If we are serious about reducing horse-wastage or better still, a conservation-in-breeding mind-set then study this pedigree well.

https://www.pedigreequery.com/liberty+g

Should anyone not be familiar to bloodlines, family tables etc etc then let’s introduce that one and only European champion by name…. Frankel.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankel_(horse)

Yep… of the Liberty G pedigree you are looking at the same female family as Frankel. (ff 1-k). Not a lot of them about is there!

Screen the Liberty G ancestry – the much fewer/lesser strains of Nearco, towards the noble old bloods, & as sorely missing (abundant wise) from many a ‘now’  evolving contemporary pedigree – namely Teddy and that of, Man O’ War.

Look to the Liberty G siring line (Deer Lake, USA) that of grand sire Hold Your Peace (USA) where the writer, with others, has identified the stallion (frequently) as the superior breeding lane ⇔ Prince John (USA)/ Princequillo. See Winx – workin’ them genes

refer also – Hold Your Peace (USA) 3rd dams maternal sire: from equine gods…Kukulkan (Mex)

If we ever ‘think’ we are improving the Thoroughbred by rubbishing the reliable, consistent bloodlines and opting for modern quality from performance alone – then think again.

“bought for peanuts – won a fortune – wrecked the know all’s, to the delight of students and officials”

 

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opportunity slips by….

17 Monday Dec 2018

Posted by in genotype, New Zealand racehorses, New Zealand thoroughbreds, race horse breeding, racehorse pedigree analyzer, Ready to Run, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racing pedigree, Winx

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Hot, endless fascination – Everybody wants a ‘Winx’.

Last month, New Zealand Bloodstock had its November Ready-to-Run 2 YO sale.

With familiar interest….one stood out.

TBL wondered how many might see the pedigree, pick the genetic profile.

We loved the 2 year old filly’s genotype, her breeze-up time and that balanced efficiency of gait belonging to Winx.

The pattern of another Winx is rare occasion however those key strains clearly stepped out from the page.

To the law of probability -the magic chemistry of genetic strains through crosses, we should assess from the Winx genotype, directs, ‘shapes’ overall structure.

The filly in question & subject – by Shocking (AUS), the son of Street Cry.

Shocking – 2009 Melbourne Cup winner. http://www.richhillstud.co.nz/rich-hill-stallions/shocking/stud-record

The dam – by Tale of the Cat (USA) where the dam’s dam is by Success Express. Yes, the key strain of Troy (GB) and Success Express (USA) is the ‘X’ factor we scored Winx on.

img_20181013_110604-0177056543.jpeg

Other bloodlines and contributors all ‘held’ intact – their own key family affiliation pliable to the complete pedigree.

– via individuals Danehill and 3rd dam sire: Bletchingly (AUS) (as noted before via TBL genotype profiling) are genetically communal. Yet, better still the zone: sire’s broodmare sire across the infusing maternal  zone. Essentially, they are the speed strains.

Also noted through sire Shocking (AUS), point-to (maternally) the strain belonging to Roberto – his inbreeding to Blue Larkspur.

(*side-note See how/why Blue Larkspur ‘crosses’ along side Mr Prospector/Native Dancer read here Almond Eye (JPN)

Yes, the Roberto strain present in the maternal to Zenyatta (super star daughter of Street Cry, Winx’s other )fullsizerender

Silly Season (USA) – (Shocking’s 3rd dam sire); the strain infused to Winx’s broodmare sire Al Akbar (AUS).

*(side note: Silly Season (USA) to Mexico sensation – Kukulkan from equine gods…Kukulkan (Mex)

Other interesting notes – this 2 year old, bay filly from female family 2-r. Say hello to the family trails to Sunline, Phar-Lap both ff – 2r: New Zealand exceptional racing family. Patterns of Nature: Phar Lap & Sunline

An un-named filly has the star rated quality genotype pedigree. Excellent, sweet spots sweetspot

Now…the suspense.

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from equine gods…Kukulkan (Mex)

13 Thursday Dec 2018

Posted by in American Bloodstock, classic thoroughbred pedigree, pedigree analysis, pedigree research, race horse breeding, Seattle Slew, thoroughbred pedigree, thoroughbred pedigree analysis

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Kukulkan – the Mesoamerican serpent deity, its name, has God. Prior to the Spanish conquistador invasion, the Yucatech-mayan culture worshipped the Kukulkan. It translates as fiery serpent.

Its a powerful name for a colt. It is compelling for a racehorse.  Kukulkan (Mexico) has 14 wins from 14 starts. His achievements to date: champion 2 year old colt in Mexico and a Triple Crown Winner at 3 (Mexico). He is sired by, Point Determined (USA) from The Real Mayo (USA) ex- Bernardini (USA).

When a jockey says: “he can do anything…. he wins off the pace, close to the pace & wins on the lead” – the genotype pedigree urges TBL scrutiny.

Sire and dam are American bred. Even so, bloodlines are essentially global appraised. Irrespective where you are by country, it is to realize every superior thoroughbred has superior genotype configuration that must indicate the truest, finest breeding.

Forward-quality breeding, it is always highly important to note burgeoning of new/old:old/new strains as ‘traits’ re-emerge, more so the persistent traits which endure.

The Kukuklan pedigree surely has the classic ‘markers’ in abundance.

The ‘markers’ are superior best key-strains which always appear to superior breeding  world wide.

Pedigrees are collective, not only an in-breeding pool. They are supported with compelling prepotent influences known for top-class speed and acceleration. It is a superior genus-type – the supreme benchmark.

As Winston Churchill said ” The further you stand back, the further you shall see”.

Pushing well back into a pedigree, finds the bred evolutionary infusion.

Those bottom maternal tap-root(s) infuse and mature – rather than to emphasis tap-root as one dynamic.

At maternal infusion from the early German bred, through breeding gargantuan –   Neckar (GER), sire, his Ticino (GER) and Birkhahn (GER). birkhahn n.b. Birkhahn  strain held to Galileo Thrust, goes the Galileo engine

The Seattle Slew inbreeding 5Sx4Dx5D to that of Mr Prospector 5Sx6D being that that come from same maternal, namely Myrtlewood/Frizette (USA) – as the american born, female family 13C.

Accessing those Frizette traits/strains, make for a very compact homozygous pedigree.

Additionally of Seattle Slew is the great-grand daddy sire – Bold Ruler, to that of his sire Nasrullah. Say, no more!

Hold Your Peace (USA)- (3rd dams maternal sire) praise, praise, praise…these constitutional strains complete, which the bloodstock ‘world’ should always be lusting after.

That familiar dosage what appears in the Winx (AUS) maternal pedigree – see, Hold Your Peace’s/Success Express (USA) to sire-son, Al Akbar. This is a major, major undeniable prepotent line. *(…the small, tough, gritty qualities and equable temperament which exemplify the Prince Rose Line, through his three great stallion sons Princequillo, Prince Chevalier and Prince Bio have united perfectly in the post-war era with the compositon of the Nearco/Nasrullah/Royal Charger breed.* – Ross du Bourg – Australian bloodstock analyst

Winx – workin’ them genes

To Al Akbar’s grand maternal sire Silly Season (USA); & as infused to Kukulkan’s 4th dam sire as same.

Opinion….the nick or sweet-spot to this pedigree shines on the sire’s (Point Determined (USA) 3rd dam sire Broad Brush (USA)/Ack Ack (USA) particularly the cohesion of strains Turn-To (IRE) Royal Charger to that of Princequillo/Prince Rose (as Ross du Bourg quotes above) ‘crossed’ to the Hold Your Peace (USA).

The Kukulkan pedigree has excitement: take respect to all future pedigrees where  Seattle Slew blood is reinforced.

The keys are: enduring dosages and deeper reinforcement to the quiet eternal rivers of Princequillo and Royal Charger/Nasrullah.

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Cross Counter (GB)

12 Monday Nov 2018

Posted by in genotype, race horse breeding, thoroughbred pedigree, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racehorse analysis, thoroughbred racing pedigree

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2018 Melbourne Cup race has its winner – Cross Counter (GB) by Teofilo (IRE) ex-Waitress (USA) from Kingmambo (USA) – by Mr Prospector from Miesque (USA)

Jig-saw genetics.

Miesque – best miler in Europe, winning in every country (France, U.S.A. England at 2,3,4 years of age. Racing Hall of Fame. Phenomenal.

The TBL pedigree takes emphasis upon origins, female-families, infusions – additionally, generational breeding cycles which shall organically sustain bloodlines.

Often balance in modern pedigrees is sacrifice or lost at the dictate of fashion, because of the prevailing climate of the commercial yearling market or through the blindness of breeders. Ross de Bourg

Aside from breeding principles, it would seem modern racehorse breeding has challenges towards the public front and thus all those passionate or, the not so passionate (activist welfare movements) share complex diverse opinions, facts, figures, who, how, why, what to the future(s) of sports-horses, thoroughbreds and the racing integrity.untitled

The stayers dilemma, its speciality long-distant racing and of breeding stability requires the ‘local’ racing program as to purposefully/supportively develop the wonderful breed.

A TBL ethos by organic ‘selective’ breeding: successful breeding thrives from strains, traits component peculiarities, rather than ‘closed’ to bare few high-profiled individuals, as generally does the market guided or, of an in-breeding philosophy.

The consistent domination(s) but of narrowing bloodlines, eventually finds exhaustion. It is a natural dynamic – the feral herd domination shall die (at some point) – her bloodline refreshed by diversity, the skill to survive. Mainstream will ignore the paradox.

from the book The Australian & New Zealand Thoroughbred by Ross de Bourg

It is difficult to convince many breeders that it is possible to ‘over egg the pudding’ by concentrating too many influence for high quality in a pedigree. The result tends to be the production of too much nervous energy, producing over-excitability, nervousness or constitutional weakness. Wealthy businessmen who came into racing and breeding without any knowledge or understanding of it, often seem unable to grasp that breeding the best with the best does not necessarily result in the best…

It is difficult to narrate pedigrees, its parallel to breeding detail, at-depth.  I strongly suggest true, careful, astute examination from all angles – the consideration upon pedigree, contemporary and ancestrally which undoubtedly displays exclusive ‘pattern’. Exclusivity of individuals is the name of the game, identifying key strains & those pedigree affiliations.

Cross Counter (GB) – female family 3-d

 –  utilizing female family indexes is extremely helpful.

Over time we’ve deduced plying with FF indexes indicate something far deeper than a given matrilineal number. In a sense, they represent a core genus which is to be appreciated beyond a conventional scope, beyond the conventional determination only three ancestral sires established the thoroughbred.

A by-gone superior genus-type suggests. However whether ‘searchable’ or not, it shall remain a TBL conjecture.

Of greater performers through the breeding, returning a familial selection intelligence.

The maternal infusions upon matri-lineal about 5th-7th removal are the nearest, possible comprehension to what is circulating as broodmare genetics.

What is ripening?

Consider possibilities?

Best genetic approximation & so forth…….

Deliberations to ascertain broodmare sire genetics…

– don’t believe mating/breeding is algorithm alone? (in that algorithms miss minor ‘finer’ detail)

Cross Counter broodmare, Waitress (USA) her maternal roots….note direct infusion Mr Prospector/Raise A Native: sets-the-genetic flavour, to set the foundational assimilation. Plus, Mr Prospector son – Kingmambo (USA) as broodmare sire – where speed and the tough get together.

Teofilo, by Galileo infusion Miswaki

Miswaki (USA) the FF-16g, (the ancestral dam Agnes, ancestral male dose Birdcatcher strain. (n.b. Birdcatcher – grandsire to Rataplan Stockwell, Emperor of Stallions – their sire The Baron, an important ingression to note.* (see below)

Broodmare Waitress (USA), her 3rd dam sire Persian Heights (GB) (European champion 3 year old) the FF-16g,  where again, the ancestral dam Agnes/Birdcatcher.

To his magnificent sire Persian Bold (GB), importantly note the FF-9h with co-affiliation to the iconic mare Urban Sea FF- 9h carrying Mit. DNA,  through same, the ancestral Alveole/Ste Alvere (GB) FF-9h.

At this point, I hope readers are finding with meaning to the core, genus type generational breeding.

Secreto (USA), FF 4-d, to same reflections, same strains through individuals Danehill (His Majesty (USA), Speirbhean (IRE) dam of Teofilo via Majestic Prince (USA) where ancestrally Boudair (GB) recaptures same. However should you wish to pursue this powerful female line NOTICE a dam called Mineral (GB) inbred to Birdcatcher.

Solidarity in numbers, for sure!

Lalun (FF 19-b) 6Sx7D: only two duplications (you might think) however the powerful Djebel (FR), sire Tourbillon (FF 13C) is the KEY FACTOR conducive to Mr PROSPECTOR BLOODLINES, their genetic ancestral link, genus blue-hen Frizette.

Now you may wonder(?) why my odd omission to Northern Dancer, his dam Natalma (ff 2-d) – trait wise (I mean).

Genetically, Northern Dancer (like Nearco) globally, has set a fixed global prototype. It is like saying it is the zero-point. Whether we know or not, N.D. traits are the ‘modern’ era and with necessity, we view for specific differentiation/variants to find ‘how’ superior performers ARE throwing out ‘new’ genetic makeup by generational bred phases via this fixed prototype.

*(side-note: the N.D. ‘fixed’ trait prototype passed to his son Danehill whom by the female-family 2d i.e. XY & XX has distinctly shaped phenotype to terms – athleticism, precocity. Now, that was the course, but it changes and resilient breeding takes care of the future……)*

Similar can be said of Mr Prospector prototype however, subjective as it is, impresses individual bloodlines/trait by broodmare maternal i.e. Nashua, Count Fleet, to the tap-root matrilineal Myrtlewood (FF 13-c Frizette USA). 

The strains from these individuals sum the building blocks to many a quality pedigree. It is not enough to identify them as superior, but almost, the ordered framework standing alongside Northern Dancer. However once again breeding is not algorithm pedestrian: it is reaping unidentified/identified sources via the individuals  which may caste out or, reset a trait deeply hidden, in thoroughbred ancestry.

Therein lies the expansion, the evolvement, of thoroughbred breeding.

As finale (!) score Cross-Counter pedigree: Teofilo – notice a FF 10-c, namely Victoria Park (CAN) and to Waitress, 2nd dam sire Highest Honor (Fr) – to notice, same FF 10-c. Where, Bonnie Doon is the ancestral dam & last foal of Queen Mary: a family highly regarded for exceptional class & durability. (key point trait)

For further reading on Teofilo where “The superiority of a bull is where genes will knit anything…” (so said the ol’boy). Teofilo, sire of Cross Counter also sire to – Humidor (NZ), the supremacy of genetics.

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Redzel knocks off Everest

15 Monday Oct 2018

Posted by in Australian Bloodstock analysis, Australian Horse Racing, Australian Thoroughbreds, race horse breeding, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racing pedigree

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Colours n’ hood of sports car fire-red, the Australian bred Redzel showed no mercy in his back-to-back Everest win.

Yep…like an antipodean hero (a Sir Edmund Hillary mountaineer quote): Redzel ‘knocked the bastard off’ and the prize-money is in the bank.

History cheers like that. Echoes for many a time to come.

Equine heroes always are something special – more than we shall ever know.

In this TBL blog we explore ‘something’ many fans out there might like to know.

Whip out the pedigree & let’s Go!

TBL aficiando spine-chills …..

Redzel by Australian sire sensation Snitzel from dam Millrich (female family 27) ex- Rubiton, the broodmare sire.

Now if you get to know bloodlines workin’ &cruisin’ them traits: they’re genes which keep pedigrees cookin’ long and slow. It is peculiar to the mitochondrial DNA; the maternal thrust & this is the most best kept secret if you wish to get about & scout a thoroughbred of your own.

Importantly, this is the meaning of Ancestry.

Devils in details: infusions built-into maternal from greater predecessors; they are the ‘predictors’.  Not statistics.

TBL went time-travellin’ back through the Redzel pedigree. The greater breeders understood a phenomenon that the further you see back, the further you see forward.

At TBL we target EACH maternal as highly individualistic. The merits ‘why’ certain bred individuals ARE distinctive. Its not simple, but ‘digs’ the pedigree honest.

Remarkabley Redzel’s dam Millrich (AUS) through her furthest maternal line has New Zealand old familial roots where a sire infusion near, direct IN has the female family 2-r, from a sire called Perkin Warbeck (NZ) from none other than dam & ancestress Miss Kate.

Miss Kate is the 4th dam of Phar Lap and is one of the oldest and richest tap-root families to the antipodes.

Sunline (NZ), inductee of Australian Hall of Fame, is another Miss Kate descendant.

There is more… exclusive stuff. The Millrich, female-family 27 (further back) derives from Rataplan, his dam Pocahontas (GB) & Rataplan was full-brother to Stockwell. In essence, these are great, great greater grand-daddies sum total of thoroughbreds.

It was the work of a writer & pedigree analyst (since deceased) Marianna Haun through her study of the great Secretariat which stunned the equine world; the bigger heart of superior runners with her X-heart gene thesis.  reference http://www.horsenation.com/2015/06/04/secretariats-genetic-x-factor-the-secret-to-the-triple-crown/

In a nutshell Secretariat sourced X-factor mightiness from Pocahontas.

Miss Kate/Rataplan,Stockwell/Pocohontas are the Mitchondrial DNA back-bone to Redzel’s dam, Millrich.

Now many sceptic-nature, might just scoff that ancestry just cannot spike genes to the immediate here n’ now.

So we shall explore the direct pedigree from a 5th-remove landscape. 5th remove is where the ripe genetic action is.

In simple form Redoute’s Choice (sire of Snitzel) via Danzig, and his broodmare sire Canny Lad via his sire Bletchingly (AUS) are the traits to the one n’ same ancestress Mowerina.

And so IS – Millrich 2nd dam sire Millionaire (IRE)….ancestress Mowerina.

Scout deep a pedigree to Mowerina daughters and you shall see plentiful duplications to Stockwell/Pocahontas. nature genes

It is no wonder Mowerina ancestry via modern female family 7a configurations propels pedigrees and individuals to turf magnificence.

That’s how stars come out. That’s how stars are made. Heart n’ soul stuff.

Cheers for now, TBL cropped-nyme31478829496

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cruisin’ pedigrees over a whiskey

02 Tuesday Oct 2018

Posted by in race horse breeding, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racehorse analysis

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When reviewing superior performers calling-in bloodlines, how they fire etc. it determines over time a screen shot of greater breeding, rather than the usual breeding.

A glance over sire statistics & what produce, demonstrates that great winners can come from anywhere. I myself, find the broodmare winners more so interesting.

Of  the paternal siring lines there has the global might that of Nearco. There of, Northern Dancer – Mr Prospector – unless one may look to other unknowns of  barely recognized countries which just may have an obscure siring line somewhere out-there (?)

Of course to wonder or employ such a notion says disaster: has not any sense to today’s template of economics – even though some may have tried to solve with else, in the past. But I am tempted to raise this subject, as sourcing some sort of stronger diversity is the now-ON-game.

It has been noted for some time and a question I have been asking of myself – why, certain odd strains have throwin’ INTO the configuration of pedigree.

These strains are soft, supporting, almost obscure but appear to contain differentiates which raise a pedigree to higher status.

I screened through ancestry and arrived at a conclusion that the genus-type breed (within itself back then) is the last & holding ‘screw’.

Old fashioned speak as I am….the breeding mechanics of Life & Nature, cannot maintain its specie without it.

It reminds me of how the early American history of horse-breeding became its own, stepping away from English bloods which did not measure up. In similar fashion this was/is the present success of German breeding and Japan’s success.

This is the nature of global progressive breeding, yet by nature, we shall find the circle returns to itself.

Now about things at home…

Turning pages through a sale catalogue I look for all the heavy weights of ‘old’ which do the right job through their descendants. That’s to say how the bank is filled in with the genetic strains in the right positions.

I had my watch on a broodmare several years ago and now see her daughter is breeding.

Her ancestry is rich potential where the main man Prince John directly infuses thereto, broodmare sire Desert Sun.

– yeah that’s Desert Sun sire of Sunline.

Checkout the pedigree, checkout the sire, his genetic locators and not ONE, repeat not ONE duplication of the Prince John/Princequillo/Prince Rose siring lines.

Shame.

But that, you see, is simply how you lose the potential.

Bye TBL cropped-nyme31478829496