• Historic Hooves
  • Equine Annals & Fine Art Photography
  • Subscribe
  • Disclaimer
  • Useful Resources & Books Recommended
  • About & Contact

The Thoroughbred Link

~ Racing, Breeding, Historic Hooves & Photography

The Thoroughbred Link

Category Archives: thoroughbred pedigree

from equine gods…Kukulkan (Mex)

13 Thursday Dec 2018

Posted by Thoroughbred Research in American Bloodstock, classic thoroughbred pedigree, pedigree analysis, pedigree research, race horse breeding, Seattle Slew, thoroughbred pedigree, thoroughbred pedigree analysis

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Bernardini (USA), Birkhahn, Frizette, Hold Your Peace, Kukulkan, Kukulkan (Mexico), Kukulkan pedigree, Mr Prospector, Nasrullah, Point Determined (USA), Princequillo, Seattle Slew, The Real Mayo (USA), Turn-To (IRE)

Kukulkan – the Mesoamerican serpent deity, its name, has God. Prior to the Spanish conquistador invasion, the Yucatech-mayan culture worshipped the Kukulkan. It translates as fiery serpent.

Its a powerful name for a colt. It is compelling for a racehorse.  Kukulkan (Mexico) has 14 wins from 14 starts. His achievements to date: champion 2 year old colt in Mexico and a Triple Crown Winner at 3 (Mexico). He is sired by, Point Determined (USA) from The Real Mayo (USA) ex- Bernardini (USA).

When a jockey says: “he can do anything…. he wins off the pace, close to the pace & wins on the lead” – the genotype pedigree urges TBL scrutiny.

Sire and dam are American bred. Even so, bloodlines are essentially global appraised. Irrespective where you are by country, it is to realize every superior thoroughbred has superior genotype configuration that must indicate the truest, finest breeding.

Forward-quality breeding, it is always highly important to note burgeoning of new/old:old/new strains as ‘traits’ re-emerge, more so the persistent traits which endure.

The Kukuklan pedigree surely has the classic ‘markers’ in abundance.

The ‘markers’ are superior best key-strains which always appear to superior breeding  world wide.

Pedigrees are collective, not only an in-breeding pool. They are supported with compelling prepotent influences known for top-class speed and acceleration. It is a superior genus-type – the supreme benchmark.

As Winston Churchill said ” The further you stand back, the further you shall see”.

Pushing well back into a pedigree, finds the bred evolutionary infusion.

Those bottom maternal tap-root(s) infuse and mature – rather than to emphasis tap-root as one dynamic.

At maternal infusion from the early German bred, through breeding gargantuan –   Neckar (GER), sire, his Ticino (GER) and Birkhahn (GER). birkhahn n.b. Birkhahn  strain held to Galileo Thrust, goes the Galileo engine

The Seattle Slew inbreeding 5Sx4Dx5D to that of Mr Prospector 5Sx6D being that that come from same maternal, namely Myrtlewood/Frizette (USA) – as the american born, female family 13C.

Accessing those Frizette traits/strains, make for a very compact homozygous pedigree.

Additionally of Seattle Slew is the great-grand daddy sire – Bold Ruler, to that of his sire Nasrullah. Say, no more!

Hold Your Peace (USA)- (3rd dams maternal sire) praise, praise, praise…these constitutional strains complete, which the bloodstock ‘world’ should always be lusting after.

That familiar dosage what appears in the Winx (AUS) maternal pedigree – see, Hold Your Peace’s/Success Express (USA) to sire-son, Al Akbar. This is a major, major undeniable prepotent line. *(…the small, tough, gritty qualities and equable temperament which exemplify the Prince Rose Line, through his three great stallion sons Princequillo, Prince Chevalier and Prince Bio have united perfectly in the post-war era with the compositon of the Nearco/Nasrullah/Royal Charger breed.* – Ross du Bourg – Australian bloodstock analyst

Winx – workin’ them genes

To Al Akbar’s grand maternal sire Silly Season (USA); & as infused to Kukulkan’s 4th dam sire as same.

Opinion….the nick or sweet-spot to this pedigree shines on the sire’s (Point Determined (USA) 3rd dam sire Broad Brush (USA)/Ack Ack (USA) particularly the cohesion of strains Turn-To (IRE) Royal Charger to that of Princequillo/Prince Rose (as Ross du Bourg quotes above) ‘crossed’ to the Hold Your Peace (USA).

The Kukulkan pedigree has excitement: take respect to all future pedigrees where  Seattle Slew blood is reinforced.

The keys are: enduring dosages and deeper reinforcement to the quiet eternal rivers of Princequillo and Royal Charger/Nasrullah.


Diktat Copyright/Fair-use Disclaimer

Cheers, from New Zealand – cropped-nyme31478829496

 

 

 

 

 

Cross Counter (GB)

12 Monday Nov 2018

Posted by Thoroughbred Research in genotype, race horse breeding, thoroughbred pedigree, thoroughbred pedigree analysis, thoroughbred racehorse analysis, thoroughbred racing pedigree

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Agnes, Birdcatcher, Cross Counter, Frizette, His Majesty, Kingmambo, Lalun, Majestic Prince, Melbourne Cup 2018, Miesque, Miswaki, Mr Prospector, Northern Dancer, Persian Heights, Speirbhearn, Teofilo, Tourbillon, Urban Sea, Waitress (USA)

2018 Melbourne Cup race has its winner – Cross Counter (GB) by Teofilo (IRE) ex-Waitress (USA) from Kingmambo (USA) – by Mr Prospector from Miesque (USA)

Jig-saw genetics.

Miesque – best miler in Europe, winning in every country (France, U.S.A. England at 2,3,4 years of age. Racing Hall of Fame. Phenomenal.

The TBL pedigree takes emphasis upon origins, female-families, infusions – additionally, generational breeding cycles which shall organically sustain bloodlines.

Often balance in modern pedigrees is sacrifice or lost at the dictate of fashion, because of the prevailing climate of the commercial yearling market or through the blindness of breeders. Ross de Bourg

Aside from breeding principles, it would seem modern racehorse breeding has challenges towards the public front and thus all those passionate or, the not so passionate (activist welfare movements) share complex diverse opinions, facts, figures, who, how, why, what to the future(s) of sports-horses, thoroughbreds and the racing integrity.untitled

The stayers dilemma, its speciality long-distant racing and of breeding stability requires the ‘local’ racing program as to purposefully/supportively develop the wonderful breed.

A TBL ethos by organic ‘selective’ breeding: successful breeding thrives from strains, traits component peculiarities, rather than ‘closed’ to bare few high-profiled individuals, as generally does the market guided or, of an in-breeding philosophy.

The consistent domination(s) but of narrowing bloodlines, eventually finds exhaustion. It is a natural dynamic – the feral herd domination shall die (at some point) – her bloodline refreshed by diversity, the skill to survive. Mainstream will ignore the paradox.

from the book The Australian & New Zealand Thoroughbred by Ross de Bourg

It is difficult to convince many breeders that it is possible to ‘over egg the pudding’ by concentrating too many influence for high quality in a pedigree. The result tends to be the production of too much nervous energy, producing over-excitability, nervousness or constitutional weakness. Wealthy businessmen who came into racing and breeding without any knowledge or understanding of it, often seem unable to grasp that breeding the best with the best does not necessarily result in the best…

It is difficult to narrate pedigrees, its parallel to breeding detail, at-depth.  I strongly suggest true, careful, astute examination from all angles – the consideration upon pedigree, contemporary and ancestrally which undoubtedly displays exclusive ‘pattern’. Exclusivity of individuals is the name of the game, identifying key strains & those pedigree affiliations.

Cross Counter (GB) – female family 3-d

 –  utilizing female family indexes is extremely helpful.

Over time we’ve deduced plying with FF indexes indicate something far deeper than a given matrilineal number. In a sense, they represent a core genus which is to be appreciated beyond a conventional scope, beyond the conventional determination only three ancestral sires established the thoroughbred.

A by-gone superior genus-type suggests. However whether ‘searchable’ or not, it shall remain a TBL conjecture.

Of greater performers through the breeding, returning a familial selection intelligence.

The maternal infusions upon matri-lineal about 5th-7th removal are the nearest, possible comprehension to what is circulating as broodmare genetics.

What is ripening?

Consider possibilities?

Best genetic approximation & so forth…….

Deliberations to ascertain broodmare sire genetics…

– don’t believe mating/breeding is algorithm alone? (in that algorithms miss minor ‘finer’ detail)

Cross Counter broodmare, Waitress (USA) her maternal roots….note direct infusion Mr Prospector/Raise A Native: sets-the-genetic flavour, to set the foundational assimilation. Plus, Mr Prospector son – Kingmambo (USA) as broodmare sire – where speed and the tough get together.

Teofilo, by Galileo infusion Miswaki

Miswaki (USA) the FF-16g, (the ancestral dam Agnes, ancestral male dose Birdcatcher strain. (n.b. Birdcatcher – grandsire to Rataplan Stockwell, Emperor of Stallions – their sire The Baron, an important ingression to note.* (see below)

Broodmare Waitress (USA), her 3rd dam sire Persian Heights (GB) (European champion 3 year old) the FF-16g,  where again, the ancestral dam Agnes/Birdcatcher.

To his magnificent sire Persian Bold (GB), importantly note the FF-9h with co-affiliation to the iconic mare Urban Sea FF- 9h carrying Mit. DNA,  through same, the ancestral Alveole/Ste Alvere (GB) FF-9h.

At this point, I hope readers are finding with meaning to the core, genus type generational breeding.

Secreto (USA), FF 4-d, to same reflections, same strains through individuals Danehill (His Majesty (USA), Speirbhean (IRE) dam of Teofilo via Majestic Prince (USA) where ancestrally Boudair (GB) recaptures same. However should you wish to pursue this powerful female line NOTICE a dam called Mineral (GB) inbred to Birdcatcher.

Solidarity in numbers, for sure!

Lalun (FF 19-b) 6Sx7D: only two duplications (you might think) however the powerful Djebel (FR), sire Tourbillon (FF 13C) is the KEY FACTOR conducive to Mr PROSPECTOR BLOODLINES, their genetic ancestral link, genus blue-hen Frizette.

Now you may wonder(?) why my odd omission to Northern Dancer, his dam Natalma (ff 2-d) – trait wise (I mean).

Genetically, Northern Dancer (like Nearco) globally, has set a fixed global prototype. It is like saying it is the zero-point. Whether we know or not, N.D. traits are the ‘modern’ era and with necessity, we view for specific differentiation/variants to find ‘how’ superior performers ARE throwing out ‘new’ genetic makeup by generational bred phases via this fixed prototype.

*(side-note: the N.D. ‘fixed’ trait prototype passed to his son Danehill whom by the female-family 2d i.e. XY & XX has distinctly shaped phenotype to terms – athleticism, precocity. Now, that was the course, but it changes and resilient breeding takes care of the future……)*

Similar can be said of Mr Prospector prototype however, subjective as it is, impresses individual bloodlines/trait by broodmare maternal i.e. Nashua, Count Fleet, to the tap-root matrilineal Myrtlewood (FF 13-c Frizette USA). 

The strains from these individuals sum the building blocks to many a quality pedigree. It is not enough to identify them as superior, but almost, the ordered framework standing alongside Northern Dancer. However once again breeding is not algorithm pedestrian: it is reaping unidentified/identified sources via the individuals  which may caste out or, reset a trait deeply hidden, in thoroughbred ancestry.

Therein lies the expansion, the evolvement, of thoroughbred breeding.

As finale (!) score Cross-Counter pedigree: Teofilo – notice a FF 10-c, namely Victoria Park (CAN) and to Waitress, 2nd dam sire Highest Honor (Fr) – to notice, same FF 10-c. Where, Bonnie Doon is the ancestral dam & last foal of Queen Mary: a family highly regarded for exceptional class & durability. (key point trait)

For further reading on Teofilo where “The superiority of a bull is where genes will knit anything…” (so said the ol’boy). Teofilo, sire of Cross Counter also sire to – Humidor (NZ), the supremacy of genetics.

Copyright/Fair-usecropped-nyme31478829496Disclaimer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ladies First wins 2018 NZ Auckland Cup

12 Monday Mar 2018

Posted by Thoroughbred Research in American Bloodstock, New Zealand racehorses, race horse breeding, thoroughbred pedigree

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Discovery (USA), Dylan Thomas (IRE), Ladies First, Princequillo

It is the amusement of mine to view old pedigrees: a display like the pedigree wheel below; its almost in motion. Shown here is Phar Lap’s –  a wonderful illuminating insight, genes concertina over/through dynastic formative families of old.

In a good ol’ book I came across the linear-graph-style in reversal i.e. great grand sire/dam parents first, their progeny following through to SUM at end, the well-bred individual.

To equip oneself – comprehend thoroughbred breeding, is to go back longhand: to gauge how breeding swells upon core dominant strains merged back and particularly through the maternal (as it always has been).

It is to capture influential strains, dominant influences and as the eye processes onto individuals engagingly. In such a way, one may pick up K.P.I. – key performers index and how they weave to smarten many unconventional pedigrees. We may find new, but old influences which give unique curiosity and an indication to a superior ‘newer’ pedigree template and direction to, the True One we may hope for ourselves!

Regarding computer ‘sire’ algorithms, the internet and social-media one might be better informed, up-with-the-play, but at end the strength of it conveys miniscule information on where/why/how pedigrees, as templates, take much planning/ formation to hold what is truer breeding at depth.

Its old-fashioned reckoning….but good.

When comparing pedigrees of high-valued commercial bloodstock with seemingly other unappealing (but, valuable) pedigrees which perhaps do not support the commercial ‘eye’ but worth pursuing if only to engage oneself with passion and intrigue!

Why?

Because when they’re right, they’re right …. that said, they can win. And…that is why you watch pedigrees, watch horses and breeding – they shall come.

The TBL example is a yearling pass-in ($NZ 30k, vendor price) to be UNSOLD and again taken to auction, months later (mixed-aged sale) to  be secured for yes, $8,000 NZ.

fast forward, it wins –  2018 Auckland Cup winner (3200m)

She is the New Zealand mare: – Ladies First b. 2012, sired by Dylan Thomas (IRE) from Just Polite (AUS) by Dehere (USA). 9 starts, 3 stake wins, 1 G1 win. refer here http://www.pedigreequery.com/ladies+first13

Ladies First is designated tail female family 23-b; for reasons to long for this article it Is one of the USA old best, bred best. (hint, research & screen well back the great sire, Discovery (USA) i.e. what takes within.

Viewing we find the dam carries Bold Ruler (5D x 5D) & with incl. sire (6sx5dx5d). Gold is pushed through the door folks Bold Ruler: t-o-u-g-h & sire of the great immortal Secretariat. Bold Ruler surely, is to be remembered: think pre-syndication, before shuttle en masse breeding and now a short gene-pool. (if I had this broodmare I sure would be smiling big) but lets dig & KNIT deep…..Princequillo 8s x 6d x 8d x 5d to note especially where the Prince genes MERGE into the tap-root 23-b line. Important.

Further….Bold Ruler, dam’s sire Discovery (USA) ff 23-b. See how genes dial through back-end?

Bold Ruler with his owner Mrs Phipps. photo credit spiletta.com

The sire of Bold Ruler,  Nasrullah has the ff 9-C. Dylan Thomas has the same tap-root, tho’ not close direct, is similar, its assimilations make a compounding effect. History knits still…..

Screen your pedigrees by female families integration to arrive at a template, merger of bloodlines.

Stay true to the mare.

for more reading: https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/115401/the-influence-of-bold-ruler
photo credits and reading – http://www.spiletta.com/UTHOF/boldruler.html
http://thethoroughbredlink.com/copyright/
http://thethoroughbredlink.com/disclaimer/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

← Older posts
Newer posts →

The Thoroughbred Link

The Thoroughbred Link
  • RSS - Posts
  • RSS - Comments

The Thoroughbred Link

The Thoroughbred Link

Tags

#family1-W #family5-g #family5-h #family8 #family13C #family19 #family21-a #family23-b #G2 #haplotype #N2a #L2ba or L2b1a #haplotypeI2a1 #L3a1b #L4 #siredemise 1 1-P 2 2h 3 8 8c 17 41 Acatenango Accelerate Acclamation Ace High Advocate Aegon Agnes Ahonoora Al Akbar Alamahoud Alchimist Alice Hawthorn Allegretta Almahmoud Almandin Almanzor Almond Eye Alpha Centauri Americab Pharoah American Pharoah Anasheed Anatevka Anna Paola arabian-horse Argentina Arrogate Aventure Ayton Azamour Azmiyna (IRE) Bahram Balloch Barcaldine Bates Motel Bayern Bay Ronald Bayside Boy Bellevue Hill Bend Bernardini (USA) Best In Show Better Boy biology Birdcatcher Birkhahn Biscay Black Caviar Black Maria Blakeney Blandford Blanford Blenheim Bletchingly Blitely Blue Larkspur Blue Peter Bold Ruler Bolero Brantome breeding Brigadier Gerard Broadsiding Brokers Tip Bruce Lowe Bruce Lowe numbers Brueleur Bruleur BT Buckpasser Bull Dog Bull Lea Bulwark Bustino Byerley Byerley Turk Byerly Turk C24 Caerleon California Chrome Cambridge Stud Camel Camelot Canterbury Pilgrim Captain Al Carbine Caro Castelvecchio Catalyst Challedon Challenger Charles O'Malley Chautauqua Chicle Chouberski Cinna City of Troy Clemence colonial bred Conduits Coogee Count Fleet Court Mart Court Martial Cracksman Crimson Saint Crimson Satan Crofts Partner Cross Counter Crozier cultured-pearls Curlin Cyllene Dalakhani Damascus Danehill Danehill Dancer Danzig Darci Brahma Dark Jewel Dark Ronald Deep Impact Derring-Do Derring Do Derryn Desert Flower Desert Sun Diesis Diktat Diomed Discovery Discovery (USA) Djebel Djeddah dna Domino Dr Fager Dr Schivel Dubai Millennium Dubai World Cup Dubawi Dundeel Dundeel Nearco Dylan Thomas (IRE) Early Voting Easy Date Eight Thirty Eljazzi El Roca Enable Epaulette (AUS) Equinox Eureka Stud european racehorse breeding evolution Exceed and Excel Fair Play Fair Trial Fairy Bridge family family 1P family5 family9C family 9c Fanfruluche Fappiano Farnan Fastnet Rock Federico Tesio Felstead female families female family 24 female traits First Landing Flaming Page Flightline Flower Alley Forli Franco Varola Frankel Frizette G GA GA/GB Galileo Galileo/Danehill cross Gallorette Gay Missile GB genetic families genetics genotype German Breeding German Thoroughbred Ghaiyyath G Haplotype Ghostzapper Giants Causeway Gimcrack Gingernuts Gonfalon Goofed Grey Sovereign Grosvenor Guiding Star Gulch Gun Runner Hail to Reason Halo Hampton Hanseatic Haplotye Haplotype Haplotypes Harkaway Harry Telford Helium Helmet Helmet (AUS) Herbager Hermit Herod High Chaparral Hildene His Majesty Hoist the Flag Hold Your Peace Holy Roman Emperor Honeyway Honour and Glory Hornbeam Host (CHI) Humidor Hungry Heart Hurry On Hyperion I2a I am Invincible Icecapade Iffraaj (GB) Inbreeding Indian Charlie Indian Ridge In Excess In Reality Into Mischief Invincible Spirit Jakkalberry Jean Gow Journalism Justify Karaka NZ yearling sales Ka Ying Rising Kendargent Kentucky Derby Kermadec Kind Kindergarten Kindle Kingmambo Kingman Kingston Rule King Tom Knicks Go Konigsstuhol Korean Thoroughbred Kris Kris S. Ksar Kukulkan Kukulkan (Mexico) Kukulkan pedigree L2b1a L3a1a L3a1b La Chica Ladies First Lady Josephine Lady Juror La Fleche Laim's Map Lalun La Troienne Lava Flow Lavendula II Lear Fan Le Fabuleux Le Filou . American Pharoah Letruska Lexington Lister Turk Loika Long Row Lord Kanaloa Lorenzaccio Lucky Patch Lucky Sweynesse Lunchtime Luskin Star Lyphard Machiavellian Mahmoud Majestic Prince Mannie Gray Man O' War Marcel Boussac Marchetta Marco Marcovil Marske Martha Lynn Masar Mastercraftsman Matchem Maurice Maximum Security Mehmas Melbourne Cup 2016 Melbourne Cup 2017 Melbourne Cup 2018 Mercuryt Miesque Millrich Minnie Hauk Miss Dolphin Miss Kate Miss Kate 2-r Miss Matty Miss Monica Miss Olympia Missy Baba Miswaki Molly Bloom Mongolian Khan Monsun Montjeu More Than Ready Mossman Mother Goose Mowerina Mr Busher Mr Prospector Mrs Peterkin Mumtaz Begum Mumtaz Mahal Musket My Babu Nantallah Nasrullah Natalma Native Dancer Nearco Neil Gow New Bloodstock Sales 2017 New Year's Day New Zealand Bloodstock Ready to Run New Zealand Bloodstock Sales New Zealand stallion New Zealand thoroughbreds Nightraid Nightshift Nijinksy Nijinsky Noholm Noholme Northern Dancer northerndancer Numbered Account Numbered Acount Nureyev NZ racehorses old Montagu mare Olympia opinion Orby Orme Ormonde Orpen Oscar Performance Our Maizcay Palestine Papyrus Patterns of Nature Pavot pearl-formation pearls pedigree Penny Post Pennyweka Pentire Persian Heights Persian King Pharis Phar Lap phenotype Pierro Pinatubo Pioneer of the Nile Pivotal Plucky Liege Pocahontas Point Determined (USA) Pretty Polly (IRE) Prince Chevalier Prince John Princequillo Prince Rose Private Account Promised Land Queen Mary Questionnaire Raceday racehorse breeding race horses Raja Baba Ready to Run Redattore Red God Redoute's Choice Redzel Reform Rekindling Relic Ribot Rich Hill Stud Right Royal Riverman Roberto Robert the Devil Rockefeller Rock Sand Rorys Jester Ross du Bourg Rough n'Tumble Rough Shod Royal Academy Royal Charger Rubiton Sabaean Sacred Falls Sadlers Wells Sainfoin Sanctus Sanda Sandbar Sandiway Sans Tara Santa Anita Derby Sardanapale Satono Aladdin Savabeel Saxon Warrior Scatdaddy science Seachange Seahenge Sea of Class Sea the Moon Sea the Stars Seattle Slew Secretariat Seeking the Gold Selene Semipalantinsk (USA) Semipalatinsk (USA) Shamardal Shamardl Shamexpress Shaquero Sharpen Up Shocking Showcasing Sierra Silly Season Sir Gaylord Sir Ivor Sir Patrick Hogan Sir Tristram Sister Sarah Siyouni Sky Classic Smart Missile Snippets Snitzel Solario Sole Volante SomethingRoyal Sovereign Edition (IRE) So You Think Spearmint Speirbhearn Spirit of Boom Stage Magic Star Kingdom Starspangledbanner Star Way Stay Inside (AUS) Stefan the Great St Germans Stockwell Storm Cat Storm the Court Stradivarius strains Street Boss Street Cry St Simon Success Express Success Express (USA) Summertime Sunday Silence Sundridge Sunline Sunstar Super Seth Surumu Sweet Lavender Sweynesse tapit Tara Tartar Tarzino Tassort Tavistock Teddy Teofilo Teofilo (IRE) Terango Terbium Tesio Thatch The Autumn Sun The Minstrel The Real Mayo (USA) The Tetrarch The Thoroughbred Link thoroughbred breeding thoroughbred family 8-k thoroughbred family 9-c thoroughbredhaplotype Thoroughbreds Three Bars Thunder Snow Thunder Snow (IRE) Tiz the Law Todman Tom Fool Too Darn Hot Toorak Toff Top Ville Toronado Touchstone Tourbillon Tracery Triton Troy Try My Best Tulloch Turn-To (IRE) Turn To Twig Moss typology of the Racehorse Unbridled Uncle Mo Urban Sea Vain Val De Loir Vatout Vegal Jewel Vegas Showgirl Vice Regal Vilmorin Waikato Stud Tour Waitress (USA) Waldgeist War Admiral Warmonger War Relic White Abarrio Whiteshirt mare Wilkes Winx Wootton Bassett Worden Worship Written Tycoon Xtravagant Zabeel Zacinto (GB) Zalika Zamazaan Zarzino Zenyatta Zenyetta Zoustar

The Thoroughbred Link

The Thoroughbred Link

Follow Blog via Email

Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.

Join 32 other subscribers

Create a website or blog at WordPress.com

Loading Comments...